centos ubuntu设置开机自启动systemctl托管

概览：

  • ubuntu设置开机自启
  • centos设置开机自启
  • ubuntu centos设置systemctl托管

开机自启测试脚本

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#!/bin/bash
time=`date +%F%H%M`
echo "开启自启动配置成功 time: ${time}" >> /root/2.log

一. centos开机自启

https://blog.csdn.net/zhanhjxxx/article/details/122811638

方法一：更改/etc/rc.d/rc.local（常用）

环境：centos7

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以下三种里面配置都可以实现开机自启动，其实差不多，只是服务器启动的时候执行的顺序先后的问题。一般都是用rc.local。
1、/etc/init.d （少用）
目录存放开机初始化启动脚本，将脚本放入如：网络，环境变量等
2、/etc/fstab（少用）
系统初始化后，程序启动前加载（如磁盘挂载，mount命令等）
3、/etc/rc.local （常用）
系统完成之后，执行。（如：应用服务启动，nginx启动等） （常用)
nfs放stab里面会在程序启动前加载上NFS文件系统，放到rc.local里如有程序依赖会造成程序启动加载时找不到路径。

rc.local文件，是个软链接实际文件不具备执行权限,设置开机启动,需要给文件授权

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# 给文件授权加入测试开机自启脚本
ll /etc/rc.local 
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local

image-20230629161634882

验证：成功

image-20230629161657054

二. ubuntu配置开机自启

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43685040/article/details/111574332

概览：

查看系统中的自动启动脚本
修改 rc-local.service 文件的权限
修改 rc-local.service 文件
修改 /etc/rc.local 文件
创建软链接
重启ubuntu后，去/root下看看测试脚本有没有生效

1.给rc-local.service文件授权

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# 查看系统中的自动启动脚本 可以看到有 rc-local.service 这个文件
ll /lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service
# 修改 rc-local.service 文件的权限
chmod 777 /lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service

2.修改rc-local.service文件

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#  SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
#
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.

# This unit gets pulled automatically into multi-user.target by
# systemd-rc-local-generator if /etc/rc.local is executable.
[Unit]
Description=/etc/rc.local Compatibility
Documentation=man:systemd-rc-local-generator(8)
ConditionFileIsExecutable=/etc/rc.local
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/rc.local start
TimeoutSec=0
RemainAfterExit=yes
GuessMainPID=no

#增加以下内容修改部分如下：
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=rc-local.service

image-20230629164928738

3.修改/etc/rc.local文件

​ 查看系统中有无/etc/rc.local这个文件，没有则自己创建一个。
​ 写入以下内容（清空文件中原有所有内容）：

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# 查看有没有rc.local文件没有则新建一个rc.local文件
vim /etc/rc.local
# 写入下面内容
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
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# 赋予权限
chmod +x /etc/rc.local
# 创建软链接
ln -s /lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service /etc/systemd/system/

配置测试开机自启脚本 后重启服务器验证

image-20230629165729135

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# 重启：reboot 验证：成功
root@gegewu-virtual-machine:~# cat 2.log 
开启自启动配置成功 time: 2023-06-291658
开启自启动配置成功 time: 2023-06-291700

三. systemctl方式设置开机自启

前言：

https://blog.csdn.net/michaelwoshi/article/details/104078664

托管文件目录可选：

centos: /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
ubuntu: /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service

$MAINPID介绍:

image-20230629170756425

托管文件中的信号描述ubuntu与centos通用：

image-20231017190021732

1. centos （此种通过MAINPID的centos与ubuntu通用）

以redis为例参考如下配置即可：

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# 建立托管文件
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/redis.service << eric
[Unit]
Description=redis

[Service]
Type=simple  #Type=forking # 根据情况指定类型
#EnvironmentFile=/etc/systemd/test.conf
ExecStart=/opt/redis-5.0.5/src/redis-server /opt/redis-5.0.5/redis.conf 
ExecReload=/bin/kill -SIGHUP $MAINPID   # 通过MAINPID变量自动获取当前程序的pid达到终止进程的效果
ExecStop=/bin/kill -SIGINT $MAINPID
#Restart=always
#RestartSec=5
#StartLimitInterval=0

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
eric
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start   redis.service
systemctl enable  redis.service
systemctl restart redis.service
systemctl status  redis.service

2. ubuntu

参考如下配置即可

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# GEGEWU n9eserver
vim /etc/systemd/system/n9eserver.service
cat <<EOF >/etc/systemd/system/n9eserver.service
[Unit]
Description="n9eserver"
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/home/gegewu/TPG-Nightinagle/docker-composeTPG_2n9e/n9e-5.6/n9e server > /home/gegewu/TPG-Nightinagle/docker-composeTPG_2n9e/n9e-5.6/server.log 
WorkingDirectory=/home/gegewu/TPG-Nightinagle/docker-composeTPG_2n9e/n9e-5.6
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable  n9eserver
systemctl restart n9eserver
systemctl status  n9eserver

# nginx
cat <<EOF >/etc/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx server
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
#Type=simple
#PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -SIGHUP \$MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -SIGINT \$MAINPID
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
#StartLimitInterval=0

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start  nginx.service
systemctl status nginx.service

四. 扩展

image-20230629182437541

结语fighting!